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26th January 1950 is one of the most important days in Indian history as it was on this day the constitution of India came into force and India became a truly sovereign state. In this day India became a totally republican unit. The country finally realized the dream of Mahatma Gandhi and the numerous freedom fighters who, fought for and sacrificed their lives for the Independence of their country. So, the 26th of January was decreed a national holiday and has been recognized and celebrated as the Republic Day of India, ever since.




To mark the importance of this occasion, every year a grand parade is held in the capital, from the Rajghat, along the Vijaypath. The different regiments of the army, the Navy and the Air force march past in all their finery and official decorations even the horses of the cavalry are attractively caparisoned to suit the occasion. The crème of N.C.C cadets, selected from all over the country consider it an honour to participate in this event, as do the school children from various schools in the capital. They spend many days preparing for the event and no expense is spared to see that every detail is taken care of, from their practice for the drills, the essential props and their uniforms.


The parade is followed by a pageant of spectacular displays from the different states of the country. These moving exhibits depict scenes of activities of people in those states and the music and songs of that particular state accompany each display. Each display brings out the diversity and richness of the culture of India and the whole show lends a festive air to the occasion. The parade and the ensuing pageantry is telecast by the National Television and is watched by millions of viewers in every corner of the country.

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Although India obtained its independence on 15 August 1947, it did not yet have a permanent constitution; instead, its laws were based on the modified colonial Government of India Act 1935, and the country was a Dominion, with George VI as head of state and Earl Mountbatten as Governor General. On August 29, 1947, the Drafting Committee was appointed to draft a permanent constitution, with Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar as chairman.


A draft Constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the Assembly on November 4, 1947. The Assembly met, in sessions open to public, for 166 days, spread over a period of 2 years, 11 months and 18 days before adopting the Constitution. After many deliberations and some modifications, the 308 members of the Assembly signed two hand-written copies of the document (one each in Hindi and English) on 24 January 1950.


Two days later, the Constitution of India became the law of all the Indian lands. The Constitution of India came into effect only on 26 January 1950. Following elections on 21 January 1950, Rajendra Prasad was elected as the president of India. This was, in fact, a deliberate act, signing the constitution on 26 January, to mark and respect the freedom fighters who wanted 26 January 1947 as India's initial independence day.

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Granville Austin has described the Indian Constitution drafted by Ambedkar as 'first and foremost a social document.' ... 'The majority of India's constitutional provisions are either directly arrived at furthering the aim of social revolution or attempt to foster this revolution by establishing conditions necessary for its achievement.'
The amending mechanism was lauded even at the time of introduction by Ambedkar in the following words: "We can therefore safely say that the Indian federation will not suffer from the faults of rigidity or legalism. Its distinguished feature is that it is a flexible federation."(CAD VII : 36).
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AIYE mere pyaare Watan, AIYE mere bichhadey chaman
tujh pe dil qurabaan
tuu hii merii aarazuu, tuu hii merii aabaruu
tuu hii merii jaan


tere daaman se jo aaye un havaaon ko salaam
chuum luuN mai us zubaaN ko jisape aae teraa naam
sabase pyaarii subah terii
sabase rangiin terii shaam
tujh pe dil qurabaan...


maa kaa dil banake kabhii siine se lag jaataa hai tuu
aur kabhii nanhii sii betii ban ke yaad aataa hai tuu
jitanaa yaad aataa hai mujhko
utanaa tadpaataa hai tuu
tujh pe dil qurabaan ....


chhoad kar terii zamii ko duur aa pahunche hai hum
phir bhii hai ye hii tamannaa tere zarron kii qasam
hum jahaa paidaa hue
us jagah pe hii nikale dam
tujh pe dil qurabaan